Historical Perspective Research Articles

Protecting the integrity of children and young people's nursing as a distinct field of practice.

At certain points in nursing history, it has been necessary to make a case for children and young people to be cared for by specialist nurses educated to meet their specific needs. However, in 2018 the updated Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) standards of proficiency for registered nurses adopted a generic rather than field-specific approach. This article reiterates that children, young people and their families have unique needs that are best met by nurses who are trained specifically to care for them. The case is made from a historical and legal perspective, concluding with a proposal that in the best interests of children, young people and their families, the NMC should embed specific competencies for children's nurses into its standards of proficiency to future-proof this field of practice.

Historical Perspective of High-Dose Therapy Followed by Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma.

High-dose therapy (HDT) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has become part of standard of care (SOC) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM). In this review we provide a historical perspective on ASCT since its introduction in the 1990s. Overall Survival (OS) benefit for HDT followed by ASCT was demonstrated in studies comparing HDT with ASCT to standard-dose therapy (SDT) before the era of novel agents. Conditioning is done with melphalan 200 mg/m2 (MEL200). Lower doses (MEL140, MEL150) for older patients with comorbidities are safe and have comparable results. The addition of busulfan to melphalan improves progression survival (PFS) but not OS. HDT with ASCT after induction with novel agents prolongs PFS but not OS compared to SDT alone. The benefit is more evident in patients with high-risk cytogenetics. Mobilization can be achieved with Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (GCSF) alone, but is improved with the addition of chemotherapy. Plerixafor reduces mobilization failure and enables sufficient stem-cell collection after induction with novel agents. ASCT is safe with a low rate of mortality (1%), and selected patients can be managed as outpatients. HDT followed by ASCT remains part of SOC due to its PFS benefit and relatively low toxicity.

Artificial Intelligence, data protection and medical device regulations: squaring the circle with a historical perspective in Europe

Abstract Purpose This manuscript presents a parallel among important EU legal frameworks, such as the Medical Device Regulations and General Data Protection Regulation and economic-historical challenges faced by European citizens. This parallel offers a prospective for understanding the direction taken by policymakers for forthcoming regulations, such as the European Health Data Space and the AI-Act. Method The paper describes key commonalities and differences among those regulations, which may help scholars working with AI in medicine, navigating this articulated legal framework. Results The European Union journey started with the European Coal and Steel Community, enforced after the WWII for nurturing European physical reconstruction and as a mean for peacekeeping: without coil it was not possible to transform steel, and with shared control of steel it was not possible for individual member states to build war weapons. Conclusions In this century, modern coal are data and modern steel is the AI, which is a crucial enabler for European economy growth and competitiveness, and, potentially, a powerful war weapon. Ensuring a fair data-sharing and correct use of AI is crucial for sustainable development, peace, and democracy in Europe and beyond.

Evolution of community outreach and engagement at National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Centers, an evolving journey.

Cancer mortality rates have declined during the last 28 years, but that process is not equitably shared. Disparities in cancer outcomes by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation and gender identity, and geographic location persist across the cancer care continuum. Consequently, community outreach and engagement (COE) efforts within National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Center (NCI-DCC) catchment areas have intensified during the last 10 years as has the emphasis on COE and catchment areas in NCI's Cancer Center Support Grant applications. This review article attempts to provide a historic perspective of COE within NCI-DCCs. Improving COE has long been an important initiative for the NCI, but it was not until 2012 and 2016 that NCI-DCCs were required to define their catchment areas rigorously and to provide specific descriptions of COE interventions, respectively. NCI-DCCs had previously lacked adequate focus on the inclusion of historically marginalized patients in cancer innovation efforts. Integrating COE efforts throughout the research and operational aspects of the cancer centers, at both the patient and community levels, will expand the footprint of COE efforts within NCI-DCCs. Achieving this change requires sustained commitment by the centers to adjust their activities and improve access and outcomes for historically marginalized communities.

Chemical Workers Union Consortium Trains Trainers in Disaster Response While Building Both Resiliency in Disasters and Preparedness

This paper studies disaster training work of one of the original grantees of the Worker Training Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences: The International Chemical Workers Union Council (ICWUC) and its consortium of unions and national organizations. The consortium developed disaster train-the-trainer curriculum in English and in Spanish, so worker trainers would be poised to do training during, after, and in prevention of disasters. This paper reviews the program and its impact on affected communities – with both a historical perspective and with interviews of 20 of those who were trained to be disaster response trainers. At least half the trainees actively trained at one or more disaster sites provided important information to keep community residents safer and to help them build resilience in their communities. Other trainers have used their knowledge to improve their workplaces during a disaster or to help prevent mold contamination and other post-disaster hazards in underserved neighborhoods.

Hard and soft governance mechanisms for large projects. A historical perspective

Purpose Drawing motivation from the greater exposure to uncertainty and condition changes that affect large projects due to their long lifecycle, this paper aims to investigate how the time factor affects the use of governance mechanisms to pursue the success of these projects. Design/methodology/approach To pursue its aim, the article applies the dichotomization between the hard and soft mechanisms of project governance to the analysis of a historical case study, whose findings are organized over the short, medium and long periods. The case selected is referred to the peculiar water system, made up of tunnels named “bottini,” that was in use in Siena (Italy) as the old aqueduct. Specifically, the study focuses on the project of expansion of this water system that was realized during the 14th century for the construction of the “Bottino maestro di Fontegaia.” Findings This article highlights the different relevance that, during the lifecycle of large projects, is assumed by hard and soft governance mechanisms, with the former having main relevance in a short and medium period, and the latter usually emerging in the medium period and, subsequently, playing a growing role for the project success in the long period. Originality/value The article contributes to the literature on large projects by providing novel insights about how the time factor impacts the governance of these projects. Furthermore, the case study, with its unique history, highlights the relevance of combining effectively the hard and the soft dimensions of project governance to pursue success.

Senolytics and cell senescence: historical and evolutionary perspectives

Abstract Senolytics are a new class of anti-aging drugs developed to selectively kill ‘senescent’ cells that are considered harmful in normal aging. More than twenty drug trials are ongoing with diverse ‘senolytic cocktails’. This commentary on recent reviews of senolytics gives historical context of mammalian cell senescence that enabled these new drugs. While cell senescence is considered harmful to aging tissues, many studies show its essential role in some regenerative and developmental processes for which senolytic drugs may interfere. Longer-term studies of side effects are needed before senolytics are considered for general clinical practice. The wide occurrence of cell senescence in eukaryotes, yeast to fish to humans, and suggests an ancient eukaryotic process that evolved multiple phenotypes.

Human centered digital transformation in travel: a horizon 2050 paper

Purpose The impact of digital technology in the wider travel field has been substantial and significant, changing both the competitive landscape of businesses and the behavior of travelers. However, we are now on the cusp of new digital developments encompassing cloud computing, blockchain, internet of things (IoT) and above all, artificial intelligence (AI), which are predicted to disrupt the business and consumer sides of several industries – travel included. This study aims to frame this upcoming digital transformation in travel within a human-centered approach where the critical understanding of digital humanism principles will enrich social scientists’ research agenda in the coming years. Design/methodology/approach The viewpoint follows a structure based on (i) setting the scene for the rise of digital transformation, (ii) the historical perspective on digital transformation in travel, (iii) the pandemic’s impact and (iv) future development and research agenda. Findings It is only by fostering a human-centered digital transformation perspective that social science researchers in travel can realize the “high-tech for high-touch” promise of fostering a human-to-human encounter empowered and possibly hampered, by digital technologies. This work proposes to start from the concepts of digital technology control, participation, education and ethics to design a research agenda with a 2050 horizon. Originality/value This work has been designed to shift the attention of researchers toward a human-centered digital transformation approach to reflect on the human-machine relationship for a better society. Due to its inner characteristics the travel field can foster a reflection on this topic by reaffirming the centrality of human beings and their authorship in the travel product creation.

Is Conduction System Pacing a Valuable Alternative to Biventricular Pacing for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy?

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) significantly improves clinical outcomes in patients with ventricular systolic dysfunction and dyssynchrony. Biventricular pacing (BVP) has a class IA recommendation for patients with symptomatic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and left bundle branch block (LBBB). However, approximately 30% of patients have a poor therapeutic response and do not achieve real clinical benefit. Pre-implant imaging, together with tailored programming and dedicated device algorithms, have been proposed as possible tools to improve success rate but have shown inconsistent results. Over the last few years, conduction system pacing (CSP) is becoming a real and attractive alternative to standard BVP as it can restore narrow QRS in patients with bundle branch block (BBB) by stimulating and recruiting the cardiac conduction system, thus ensuring true resynchronization. It includes His bundle pacing (HBP) and left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP). Preliminary data coming from small single-center experiences are very promising and have laid the basis for currently ongoing randomized controlled trials comparing CSP with BVP. The purpose of this review is to delve into the emerging role of CSP as an alternative method of achieving CRT. After framing CSP in a historical perspective, the pathophysiological rationale and available clinical evidence will be examined, and crucial technical aspects will be discussed. Finally, evidence gaps and future perspectives on CSP as a technique of choice to deliver CRT will be summarized.

Креативные взгляды на вызовы российскому бизнесу в условиях турбулентности мирового порядка

The article examines the issues of opening up opportunities for Russian business in the context of geopolitical turbulence in a historical perspective. Approaches to the assessment of the main indicators characterizing the world hegemony are considered. The trend of changes in the GDP of the most influential countries from the historical position of the world order, as well as the dynamics of changes in the quality of life of the population of successful modern countries, in order to find the causes of the turbulence of the world order and analyze modern events, is studied. The analysis of the economic situation for entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation and Belarus, based on official statistical data, is carried out. The actions of the public sector are analyzed and creative approaches and tools are proposed, the use of which will contribute to the development of business structures, which will serve as a basis for creating new jobs and organizing modern production processes. The provisions of Russia’s economic security in the new system of a multipolar world are formulated.

Considerations in developing a financial model for an academic statistical consulting centre

In operating an academic statistical consulting centre, it is essential to develop a strategy for covering the anticipated costs incurred, such as personnel, facilities, third‐party data, professional development and marketing, and for handling the revenues generated from sources such as university commitments, extramural grants, fees for service, internal memorandums of understanding and consulting courses. As such, this article describes each of these costs and revenue sources in turn, discusses how they vary over phases of a project and life cycles of a centre, provides a review of both historical and modern perspectives in the literature and includes illustrative examples of financial models from three different institutions. These points of consideration are meant to inform consulting groups who are interested in becoming either more or less centrally structured.

Checklist of Water mites in Mexico. Historical background and DNA barcoding perspectives

Water mites are the most ubiquitous, abundant, diverse, and ecologically important group of arachnids in all freshwater environments. In Mexico, despite being a megadiverse country, only 271 species have been recorded so far since 1873. This is probably due to the scarcity of taxonomists in the country or the inherent complex morphology of this group, which challenges its systematics and its integration into other research studies. Molecular identification has been highly useful for practical applications of these organisms, while taxonomic identification work continues. Until now, a species checklist and reference information about water mites diversity and distribution in Mexico is lacking. In this work, we compiled species described or recorded in Mexico and provided preliminary data for a COI barcode library of the water mites in the country. This checklist includes 271 species from 25 families and 61 genera. In addition, the COI barcode library is supplied in a public dataset from the BOLD database (boldsystems.org); it contains 794 sequences corresponding to 103 BINs or putative species, of which only five of them have been identified to the species. We predict that the discovery of hidden diversity of mites will continue and improve after the use of integrative taxonomy tools. Also, their value as indicators of water quality will be re-evaluated, helping in the conservation of freshwater environments and the evaluation of the global warming impact.

Public administration and development in (historical) perspective

AbstractSince 1949, the journal Public Administration and Development has gone through changes in name and scope, in author demographics and background, and in readership and the topics covered. The professional‐oriented articles in the first years of the journal have evolved to become more academic theory‐oriented articles in recent years. Drawing on mixed methods, the authors conducted in‐depth analyses using data from the journal to highlight changes in research themes and geographic foci. The study provides insights into the historical development of public administration in developing contexts, the journal's contributions to the field, and maps out potential future research trends.

The twelfth Accounting History International Conference “Accounting for arts, culture and heritage in historical perspectives”

The twelfth <i>Accounting History</i> International Conference “Accounting for arts, culture and heritage in historical perspectives”

Hospice at Home: Historical Perspectives and Their Implications for End-of-Life Care Today

Hospice at Home: Historical Perspectives and Their Implications for End-of-Life Care Today

Mobilizing social transformation with technology. The shaping of social processes since the development of industrial society and beyond: innovation input and social processes

Technological development is a key factor for shaping social life, transforming the ways in which societies organize their production, mobility and communication processes. Since the beginning of industrialization, the pace of the transformations brought about by technological change has increased dramatically, and has further accelerated since the advent of the new digital technologies. These development processes has also impacts in terms of social, economic and environmental costs, a fact that has been addressed in the past few decades by various social movements as well as theoreticians, becoming a key issue in political and social discussion agendas. In this paper, we outline a historical perspective of these changes and their effects, from pre-industrial, industrial, post-Fordism and network societies, and we focus on the mobilizing potential of technological change. We analyze the role that technological interfaces play today in social transformation, as well as the implications for our present day that our interactions become increasingly intermediated by digital technologies. Finally, we discuss digital technologies and their impacts on social inequity. We argue that a public and democratic agenda comprising both development and technological issues should be put in place for guaranteeing social development processes.

Vaginal Hysterectomy and Pelvic Organ Prolapse: History and Recent Developments.

Vaginal hysterectomy (VH) was described as far back as 120 CE. However, it was not till the mid-1900s when reconstructive procedures were introduced to mitigate the risk of, or treat, pelvic organ prolapse in relation to VH. Furthermore, routine hysterectomy, particularly VH, has long been advocated in prolapse surgery. However, this indication is now questionable. Literature review to provide an overview of current evidence and experts' opinion regarding the relationship between VH and pelvic organ prolapse. The review presents a historical perspective on the role of VH in the management of pelvic organ prolapse, the current debate on the usefulness of the procedure in this context, a practical guide on operative techniques used during VH and the impact of recent surgical developments on its use. Vaginal hysterectomy is a well-established technique that is still superior to laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign gynecological disease, although more surgically challenging. However, it is possible that some contemporary techniques, such as vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery, may overcome some of these challenges, and hence increase the number of hysterectomies performed via the vaginal route. Although patients should be counselled about uterine-sparing reconstructive surgery, vaginal hysterectomy continues to be a major surgical procedure in reconstructive pelvic floor surgery. Therefore, it is prudent to continue to train residents in vaginal surgical skills to ensure that they continue to provide safe, cost-effective, and comprehensive patient care.

Unveiling the frontiers: Historical expansion and modern implications of agricultural land use in Denmark

This study offers a first-of-its-kind investigation into the spatial and temporal transformation of agricultural land use and expansion in crops and livestock at national scale during the middle and latter half of the 19th century.We introduce an innovative methodological framework that combines historical data with advanced spatial analysis to trace and map the evolution of frontiers of agricultural land use changes, illustrating Denmark’s agricultural evolution towards the modern era.Our research uncovers critical shifts in cropland, grazing land, and livestock density offering unprecedented insights into the mechanisms driving agricultural expansion and intensification. The mechanisms driving this expansion and their potential impact on contemporary agroecological challenges linked to land use intensification are explored. Our results point to a significant broadening and shifting of land use frontiers offering a historical perspective on agricultural land use. This sets the stage for promoting the analysis of drivers of change and gaining insights into how landscape development could be steered into an environmentally and societally more desirable and sustainable direction tackling present-day agroecological challenges.

Cryptocurrency Adoption in Traditional Banking: Challenges and Opportunities

The advent of cryptocurrencies has introduced a paradigm shift in the financial ecosystem, offering a novel approach to traditional banking and financial transactions. This Master's thesis titled "Cryptocurrency Adoption in Traditional Banking: Challenges and Opportunities" provides a comprehensive analysis of the integration process of cryptocurrencies into the traditional banking sector. It scrutinizes the multifaceted challenges banks face in adopting cryptocurrencies while highlighting the unprecedented opportunities this new form of currency presents. The study commences with a detailed overview of the cryptocurrency market, emphasizing its growth, volatility, and the technological underpinnings that distinguish it from conventional banking systems. It delves into the historical perspective of cryptocurrencies, with a specific focus on Bitcoin, Ethereum, and other significant players, to understand their evolution, current market dynamics, and potential future trajectories.

Book Review: [R]evolusi Sastra di Era Komunikasi Digital: Perspektif Historis dan Teoretis

The digital era is a time when almost all areas of life have been assisted by digital technology. It is also interpreted as the emergence of digital technology, which replaces technologies previously used by humans, such as mechanics and electronics analogy. There has been a profusion of digital businesses under the tremendous effect of the internet and digital technology, including cloud computing, virtual reality, mobile devices, and IoTs. The digital age has profound implications for society and the economy since technology is more knowledge-based. In (R)evolusi Sastra di Era Komunikasi Digital: Perspektif Historis dan Teoretis, Ida Rochani Adi, the author, captures the lament of a scientific discipline facing the dilemma of technological change. From a theoretical and historical perspective, this book offers a framework for responding to developments in the digital world of literature, which causes the dynamic understanding of literary works depending on the angle from which the literary work is interpreted. Not only explaining views, thoughts, and theories that have previously developed regarding literary works and criticism, social sciences, humanities, cultural studies, and media, but this book also offers thought, reflection, and development of literary works' ideas in the digital world’s frenetic development.